|
27 Nov 2007
Status : this preprint was under review for the journal OS. A revision for further review has not been submitted.
On available energy in the ocean and its application to the Barents Sea
R. C. Levine and D. J. Webb
Following meteorological practice the definition of available potential energy in the ocean is conventionally defined in terms of the properties of the global ocean. However there is also a requirement for a localised definition, for example the energy released when shelf water cascades down a continental shelf in the Arctic and enters a boundary current. In this note we start from first principals to obtain an exact expression for the available energy (AE ) in such a situation. We show that the available energy depends on enstrophy and gravity. We also show that it is exactly equal to the work done by the pressure gradient and by buoyancy. The results are used to investigate the distribution of AE in the Barents Sea and surrounding regions relative to the interior of the Arctic Ocean. We find that water entering the Barents Sea from the Atlantic already has a high AE , that it is increased by cooling but that much of the increase is lost overcoming turbulence during the passage through the region to the Arctic Ocean. However on entering the Arctic enough available energy remains to drive a significant current around the margin of the ocean. The core of raised available energy also acts as a tracer which can be followed along the continental slope beyond the dateline.
Received: 12 Nov 2007 – Discussion started: 27 Nov 2007
R. C. Levine and D. J. Webb
Status: closed (peer review stopped)
Status: closed (peer review stopped)
AC : Author comment | RC : Referee comment | SC : Short comment | EC : Editor comment
- Printer-friendly version
- Supplement
Status: closed (peer review stopped)
Status: closed (peer review stopped)
AC : Author comment | RC : Referee comment | SC : Short comment | EC : Editor comment
- Printer-friendly version
- Supplement
R. C. Levine and D. J. Webb
R. C. Levine and D. J. Webb
Viewed
Total article views: 1,471 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
HTML
PDF
XML
Total
BibTeX
EndNote
931
452
88
1,471
95
96
HTML: 931
PDF: 452
XML: 88
Total: 1,471
BibTeX: 95
EndNote: 96
Views and downloads (calculated since 01 Feb 2013)
Month
HTML
PDF
XML
Total
Jan 2013
14
13
2
29
Feb 2013
14
10
7
31
Mar 2013
2
7
1
10
Apr 2013
4
7
0
11
May 2013
3
6
0
9
Jun 2013
5
7
0
12
Jul 2013
1
5
0
6
Aug 2013
1
3
0
4
Sep 2013
3
6
0
9
Oct 2013
4
6
0
10
Nov 2013
4
5
0
9
Dec 2013
5
10
2
17
Jan 2014
3
7
0
10
Feb 2014
9
7
2
18
Mar 2014
9
7
2
18
Apr 2014
8
10
2
20
May 2014
13
6
3
22
Jun 2014
21
9
1
31
Jul 2014
7
15
0
22
Aug 2014
3
11
0
14
Sep 2014
3
7
0
10
Oct 2014
2
8
0
10
Nov 2014
1
7
0
8
Dec 2014
7
11
0
18
Jan 2015
1
5
0
6
Feb 2015
8
2
0
10
Mar 2015
8
0
8
Apr 2015
20
1
0
21
May 2015
7
2
0
9
Jun 2015
9
1
0
10
Jul 2015
12
1
0
13
Aug 2015
7
3
0
10
Sep 2015
3
2
0
5
Oct 2015
7
1
0
8
Nov 2015
11
3
0
14
Dec 2015
1
0
1
Jan 2016
13
4
1
18
Feb 2016
10
3
0
13
Mar 2016
13
1
0
14
Apr 2016
10
4
1
15
May 2016
4
2
0
6
Jun 2016
4
1
0
5
Jul 2016
4
3
1
8
Aug 2016
3
2
0
5
Sep 2016
2
2
0
4
Oct 2016
2
3
0
5
Nov 2016
6
4
1
11
Dec 2016
4
2
0
6
Jan 2017
7
2
1
10
Feb 2017
10
3
13
Mar 2017
19
5
4
28
Apr 2017
18
3
3
24
May 2017
26
2
5
33
Jun 2017
26
5
31
Jul 2017
6
0
6
Aug 2017
3
2
1
6
Sep 2017
9
1
0
10
Oct 2017
9
1
0
10
Nov 2017
3
1
0
4
Dec 2017
4
2
0
6
Jan 2018
7
2
0
9
Feb 2018
13
1
5
19
Mar 2018
6
2
0
8
Apr 2018
6
3
1
10
May 2018
4
4
0
8
Jun 2018
6
2
2
10
Jul 2018
4
1
0
5
Aug 2018
3
2
0
5
Sep 2018
4
1
0
5
Oct 2018
12
3
0
15
Nov 2018
8
2
0
10
Dec 2018
10
5
0
15
Jan 2019
4
2
0
6
Feb 2019
9
4
1
14
Mar 2019
5
1
0
6
Apr 2019
8
4
0
12
May 2019
1
1
1
3
Jun 2019
3
2
0
5
Jul 2019
9
2
0
11
Aug 2019
3
2
0
5
Sep 2019
4
3
0
7
Oct 2019
8
1
0
9
Nov 2019
4
0
4
Dec 2019
7
6
1
14
Jan 2020
14
3
0
17
Feb 2020
10
4
0
14
Mar 2020
2
0
2
Apr 2020
3
0
3
May 2020
9
1
1
11
Jun 2020
6
3
0
9
Jul 2020
8
4
3
15
Aug 2020
2
3
1
6
Sep 2020
6
3
0
9
Oct 2020
4
4
0
8
Nov 2020
14
1
1
16
Dec 2020
3
4
1
8
Jan 2021
6
3
0
9
Feb 2021
4
3
0
7
Mar 2021
2
2
0
4
Apr 2021
3
5
0
8
May 2021
4
7
0
11
Jun 2021
4
2
0
6
Jul 2021
2
3
0
5
Aug 2021
4
5
0
9
Sep 2021
1
0
1
Oct 2021
3
4
0
7
Nov 2021
10
4
1
15
Dec 2021
8
2
0
10
Jan 2022
7
3
0
10
Feb 2022
4
1
5
Mar 2022
4
5
1
10
Apr 2022
5
2
0
7
May 2022
3
2
1
6
Jun 2022
3
0
3
Jul 2022
3
2
0
5
Aug 2022
3
2
0
5
Sep 2022
4
2
1
7
Oct 2022
7
2
0
9
Nov 2022
4
4
0
8
Dec 2022
10
4
0
14
Jan 2023
3
4
0
7
Feb 2023
7
4
0
11
Mar 2023
12
1
1
14
Apr 2023
3
0
3
May 2023
6
5
1
12
Jun 2023
6
3
0
9
Jul 2023
7
1
0
8
Aug 2023
6
2
0
8
Sep 2023
14
2
7
23
Oct 2023
17
4
1
22
Nov 2023
10
1
0
11
Dec 2023
8
1
0
9
Jan 2024
7
2
2
11
Feb 2024
14
2
1
17
Mar 2024
18
3
3
24
Apr 2024
2
1
1
4
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 01 Feb 2013)
Month
HTML views
PDF downloads
XML downloads
Jan 2013
14
13
2
Feb 2013
28
23
9
Mar 2013
30
30
10
Apr 2013
34
37
10
May 2013
37
43
10
Jun 2013
42
50
10
Jul 2013
43
55
10
Aug 2013
44
58
10
Sep 2013
47
64
10
Oct 2013
51
70
10
Nov 2013
55
75
10
Dec 2013
60
85
12
Jan 2014
63
92
12
Feb 2014
72
99
14
Mar 2014
81
106
16
Apr 2014
89
116
18
May 2014
102
122
21
Jun 2014
123
131
22
Jul 2014
130
146
22
Aug 2014
133
157
22
Sep 2014
136
164
22
Oct 2014
138
172
22
Nov 2014
139
179
22
Dec 2014
146
190
22
Jan 2015
147
195
22
Feb 2015
155
197
22
Mar 2015
163
197
22
Apr 2015
183
198
22
May 2015
190
200
22
Jun 2015
199
201
22
Jul 2015
211
202
22
Aug 2015
218
205
22
Sep 2015
221
207
22
Oct 2015
228
208
22
Nov 2015
239
211
22
Dec 2015
239
212
22
Jan 2016
252
216
23
Feb 2016
262
219
23
Mar 2016
275
220
23
Apr 2016
285
224
24
May 2016
289
226
24
Jun 2016
293
227
24
Jul 2016
297
230
25
Aug 2016
300
232
25
Sep 2016
302
234
25
Oct 2016
304
237
25
Nov 2016
310
241
26
Dec 2016
314
243
26
Jan 2017
321
245
27
Feb 2017
331
245
30
Mar 2017
350
250
34
Apr 2017
368
253
37
May 2017
394
255
42
Jun 2017
420
255
47
Jul 2017
426
255
47
Aug 2017
429
257
48
Sep 2017
438
258
48
Oct 2017
447
259
48
Nov 2017
450
260
48
Dec 2017
454
262
48
Jan 2018
461
264
48
Feb 2018
474
265
53
Mar 2018
480
267
53
Apr 2018
486
270
54
May 2018
490
274
54
Jun 2018
496
276
56
Jul 2018
500
277
56
Aug 2018
503
279
56
Sep 2018
507
280
56
Oct 2018
519
283
56
Nov 2018
527
285
56
Dec 2018
537
290
56
Jan 2019
541
292
56
Feb 2019
550
296
57
Mar 2019
555
297
57
Apr 2019
563
301
57
May 2019
564
302
58
Jun 2019
567
304
58
Jul 2019
576
306
58
Aug 2019
579
308
58
Sep 2019
583
311
58
Oct 2019
591
312
58
Nov 2019
595
312
58
Dec 2019
602
318
59
Jan 2020
616
321
59
Feb 2020
626
325
59
Mar 2020
628
325
59
Apr 2020
631
325
59
May 2020
640
326
60
Jun 2020
646
329
60
Jul 2020
654
333
63
Aug 2020
656
336
64
Sep 2020
662
339
64
Oct 2020
666
343
64
Nov 2020
680
344
65
Dec 2020
683
348
66
Jan 2021
689
351
66
Feb 2021
693
354
66
Mar 2021
695
356
66
Apr 2021
698
361
66
May 2021
702
368
66
Jun 2021
706
370
66
Jul 2021
708
373
66
Aug 2021
712
378
66
Sep 2021
713
378
66
Oct 2021
716
382
66
Nov 2021
726
386
67
Dec 2021
734
388
67
Jan 2022
741
391
67
Feb 2022
745
391
68
Mar 2022
749
396
69
Apr 2022
754
398
69
May 2022
757
400
70
Jun 2022
760
400
70
Jul 2022
763
402
70
Aug 2022
766
404
70
Sep 2022
770
406
71
Oct 2022
777
408
71
Nov 2022
781
412
71
Dec 2022
791
416
71
Jan 2023
794
420
71
Feb 2023
801
424
71
Mar 2023
813
425
72
Apr 2023
816
425
72
May 2023
822
430
73
Jun 2023
828
433
73
Jul 2023
835
434
73
Aug 2023
841
436
73
Sep 2023
855
438
80
Oct 2023
872
442
81
Nov 2023
882
443
81
Dec 2023
890
444
81
Jan 2024
897
446
83
Feb 2024
911
448
84
Mar 2024
929
451
87
Apr 2024
931
452
88
Latest update: 26 Apr 2024